Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals via Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (Funneliformismosseae) Inoculation Ameliorates the Growth Responses and Essential Oil Content in Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.)

Phytoremediation of heavy metals (HMs) is an efficient methodology to remove toxic from the soil. On other hand, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are utilized as biological fertilizers they improve root expansion, nutrient uptake, shoot growth, and plant performance. In this study, effect AMF inoculation on morphological traits, macro- micronutrient contents, essential oil content (EOC), yield (EOY) lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) was investigated, under HM (Pb Ni) stress in greenhouse conditions. The performed treatments were follows: (Funneliformis mosseae) (5 g kg?1 soil), stress, including Pb (150 225 mg soil Pb(NO3)2) Ni (220 330 Ni(NO3)2). controls absence treatments. results showed that contamination with decreased height, branch number, fresh dry weights shoots roots, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn contents. At same time, modulated adverse effects lower concentrations increased EOC EOY plants, whereas higher levels HMs reduced morphobiometric traits. contents roots. treatment at 220 led a than treatment. conclusion, recommend helpful procedure growth responses environments polluted tested suggest potentially mitigating effects.